In fact, a large heat transfer coefficient occurred in the initially unsteady flow process of the molten slag (<20 s). Subsequently, the slag film reached a state of steady flow, with corresponding heat transfer coefficients ranging from approximately 2500–5000 W·m −2 ·K −1. Note that the heat transfer coefficient relates intimately to ...
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BOS Slag. Process. When molten iron (referred to as "hot metal") from the blast furnace is to be converted into steel, the main tasks are the removal of carbon, silicon and phosphorus. The LD (Linz-Donawitz) process is by far the most widely used, and takes its name from the towns where it was developed.
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There are different types of slag produced in the steel-making process. These include furnace or tap slag, raker slag, synthetic or ladle slags. Figure 1 depicts a flowchart of the general flow...
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The furnace slag is milled and floated to generate a concentrate recycle (Mortimer and partially at Waterval) or stockpiled directly if essentially barren of pay metals (Polokwane, Waterval).
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The complete utilization process of steelmaking slag has been developed, in which Fe and P were recovered and slag products such as cement or aggregates, phosphate fertilizer, and the hot …
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Return to Menu . PROCESS DESCRIPTION. The figure shown below schematically describes the Mitsubishi Process, illustrating its sequence of continuous and controlled smelting of copper concentrates, coal, and flux; the separation of copper matte and discard slag; the continuous conversion of copper matte to blister copper; and finally, the continuous delivery of blister …
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The influence of technological factors on the process of slag splashing was analyzed in the paper. The problems were solved in several stages using our own and commercial calculation programs and laboratory tests. ... Due to the high dynamics of the fluid flow, the duration of the process mapped in the simulation was 2.5 s, at which the ...
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Copper matte and slag continuously flow through a chute to the electric slag cleaning furnace for separation by precipitation; the copper matte, at a grade of around 70%, flows continuously through a chute into the converting furnace for converting; the cleaned slag contains 0.6–0.8% copper and is discharged continuously for water quenching ...
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Figure 7 and 8 the process flow diagram of a granulator and heat recovery system for superheated steam production is shown. The process parameters shown in these figures are exemplary for a slag ...
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The slag flow model developed by Yong's work based on an Eulerian–Lagrangian approach can be described by the mass, momentum and energy conservation equation as given in Refs. [55,57].
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In this paper, the slag granulation and heat recovery options are reviewed and given a critical evaluation, aiming to provide a basis for future directions in slag handling. View
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Abstract A program for the calculation of a gasification process based on a mathematical model of direct-flow coal gasification with liquid slag removal is proposed. Calculations were performed for Chinese gas coals. A good agreement between the experimental and calculated data of the process is demonstrated.
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For the heat transfer of blast furnace slag has been studied by several scholars previously, Qiu [18] and others based on the CFD-DEM coupling method to analyze the numerical simulation of the waste heat recovery process of blast furnace slag mixed with multiple particle sizes and the results show that the two different particle sizes of blast furnace slag mixed with …
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The current flows through the strip and into a layer of electrically conductive slag; the resistance of this material generates the heat and keeps the welding process going (slag temperature approximately 2300° C) In ESSC process, the arc must be extinguished once it has been ignited and the current flow through the slag.
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Large amounts of lead slag are produced during the production of primary lead and secondary lead. Considering lead concentrate smelting as an example, a primary lead smelting system production of 1 t of lead will discharge 7100 kg of lead slag (Hou, 2011).At the secondary lead recycling process, for each ton of metallic lead produced, 100–350 kg of slag are …
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In the entrained flow gasifier, micron-sized pulverized coal is combusted or gasified at high temperatures (>1200 ℃) to enhance gasification efficiency [8].Simultaneously, more than 80 % of ash particles accumulate on the inner wall under the influence of gas flow, forming a liquid slag layer [9].Fluidity and fusion characteristics of the ash particles deposited …
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refineries. Slag is granulated and dried for recycling to the slag-cleaning furnace. ACP slag is fed to the slag-cleaning furnace along with a reductant and a sulphur source. Slag-cleaning-furnace matte is granulated for processing by the ACP, while …
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Process Description. 1. Smelting Furnace (S-Furnace) ... Slag Cleaning Furnace (Cl-Furnace) CL-furnace is heated by two sets of delta type electrode (2100 &1500 KVA). Matte is separated from slag by difference of specific gravity. …
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: Process description (1: electrode; 2: liquid slag; 3: pool; 4: ingot; 5: mould; 6: water jacket) Calculation domain for the droplet formation [10] Fluid flow situation for the PESR model ...
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Process flow diagram of titanium slag smelting process. From loading hoppers, ilmenite concentrate and reductant are separately fed to dosing hoppers (position 2-4) through a system of belt conveyors (position 1). Components of the charge are dosed from the dosing hoppers in calculated quantities into a ladle (position 5) placed on a trolley on ...
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Blast Furnace and Process Description:- blast furnace is a vertical shaft, which is used to melt the iron ore and to produce hot metal. ... where the hot metal and slag are stored. ... Ultrasonic Flow Meter Working and Types. February 22, 2022. Instruments. Solenoid Valve Working and Types. November 29, 2020.
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Steel slag, a by-product of steel making, is produced during the separation of the molten steel from impurities in steel-making furnaces. The slag occurs as a molten liquid melt …
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jaw crusher process description, process crusher, … The Gulin is the professional mining equipments manufacturer in the world, located in…
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Process description Flow diagram of the uhde ® entrained-flow gasification process (PSG) Main process data: Gasification pressure: 40 bar and higher Gas temperature at outlet of gasifier waste heat boiler: 250-300°C Carbon conversion: > 99 % Typical raw gas composition: CO + H 2 > 85 vol. % CO2 2-4 vol. % CH4 < 0.1 vol. % Main features of the ...
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Glass-making-quality granulated slag particles can be defined within a certain particle size range. A process for forming glass-making-quality granulated slag includes collecting a molten slag flow, cold-water quenching the molten slag flow to create a granulated slag flow, drying the granulated slag flow, and size-screening the granulated slag flow to separate conforming glass-making …
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The iron/steel slag processing flow is schematically shown in Fig. 2. Steelmaking slag is subjected to the following four process-es: ① solidify and cooling of the hot molten slag, ② crushing and …
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industrial ESR process. 2. Description of Model 2.1. Model Assumptions (1) The primary reactions of interest include oxygen, Al, Si, and Mn. It is considered that a thermodynamic equilib-rium at the electrode tip-slag interface does exist between Al+Al 2O 3, Si+SiO 2, Mn+MnO and Fe+FeO system. (2) The slag system used during ESR process is usu-
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Download scientific diagram | Simplified process flow sheet of the alkaline roasting of titanium slag (ARTS) process. from publication: Life cycle assessment comparison of emerging and traditional ...
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the slag while it is being cooled; ISC process,3) whereby the hot slag is first poured into a steel box for accelerated cooling/solidification and then subjected to water sprinkling and immersion cooling; and the rapid cooling process,4) whereby the molten slag is poured into a special drum and cooled rapidly by sprinkling water over the slag.
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Process (ACP) within the Waterval Smelter Complex in Rustenburg. Furnace slag is granulated, and processed through a slag mill, or transported to a slag dump. INTRODUCTION Mortimer Smelter went into operation in 1973, with the commissioning of #1 furnace and a pelletizing plant. In 1980, a second furnace was put online,
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In the current study, the effect of P2O5 on the viscous flow and crystallisation behaviour of slag in the double slag converter steelmaking process was investigated in laboratory. The results indicated that with the increase of P2O5 content, the softening temperature, hemispherical temperature and flowing temperature of steelmaking slag showed a decreasing …
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Steelmaking slag, an important metallurgical by-product, is composed of a large amount of valuable components, including CaO, Fe t O, MnO, and MgO, all of which are required in the steelmaking ...
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Steelmaking slag, or steel slag, is a by-product from the production of steel during the conversion of hot metal to crude steel in a basic oxygen furnace, or during the melting of scrap in an EAF.The slag is generated as a melt and is a complex solution of silicates and oxides that solidify upon cooling. 11 Depending on the specific steel production process, three different types of steel ...
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Process for recovering nickel and nickel-copper from molten smelter-type slags or other highly oxidized sources of nickel and nickel-copper containing 7 to 30 percent by weight of magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ). The magnetite in the slag is reduced with carbonaceous materials or other solid reductants such as sulfides, metals or carbides. While the slag is mixed with a fluid cooled, …
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The process flow diagram with some metrics is illustrated in Fig. 1. ... For the examined slag compositions, viscosity at 1500°C remained at < 0.35 Pa s, which is acceptable …
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It is a method of refining a consumable metal electrode through electrically heating the high-resistivity slag. During the process, the molten metal passes through the liquid slag in the form of droplets and feeds into the liquid metal pool underneath and sequentially solidifies in a water-cooled mold. ... A brief description of this process ...
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3.1 Mathematical control equation. Gas lift reverse circulation slag removal is a three-phase coupling movement process of mud, rock slag and compressed air. The Euler multiphase flow model and Standard (k - varepsilon) turbulence model are selected to calculate the movement and distribution of mud and air in the slag removal flow field, and the continuity …
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