In this regard, plants have evolved a series of mechanisms for efficient iron uptake, allowing plants to better adapt to iron deficient conditions. These mechanisms include iron acquisition from soil, iron transport from roots to …
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To ensure iron acquisition from soil and to avoid iron excess in the cells, uptake and homeostasis are tightly controlled. Plants meet the extreme insolubility of oxidized iron at neutral pH values …
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Even though plants produce their own siderophores to access iron (phytosiderophores), the additional presence of siderophore-producing bacteria can aid in solubilizing iron by solubilizing it from ...
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Keywords: iron, metal homeostasis, Fe uptake, Fe signaling, Fe sensor, plant nutrition Fe is indispensable for the growth and development of plants. Plants perceive fluctuations in environmental Fe concentrations and modulate Fe homeostasis-associated …
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Iron is essential for plants and plays critical roles in important processes such as photosynthesis and respiration. While our understanding of molecular mechanisms involved in iron uptake from the soil is relatively well developed, information regarding the mechanisms that serve to move iron into subcellular compartments, like mitochondria, chloroplasts and …
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Left, in iron-deficient Arabidopsis plants, IMAs positively regulate iron uptake via the transcription factor FIT. Upon perception of flg22 via its receptor FLS2, IMA peptides are degraded by the ...
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Iron uptake induced in response to Fe stress involves release of hydrogen ions and reductants by the root. The lowered pH and presence of reductant at the root zone, along with reduction of Fe 3+ to Fe 2+ at the root surface, enables Fe 2+ to be …
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Higher plants have developed two distinct strategies to acquire iron, which is only slightly soluble, from the rhizosphere: the reduction strategy of nongraminaceous plants and the chelation strategy of graminaceous plants. ... Iron uptake, translocation, and regulation in higher plants Annu Rev Plant Biol. 2012:63:131-52. doi: 10.1146/annurev ...
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Iron uptake strategies in plants (a) Strategy I is a reduction based strategy found in most plants except grasses, this includes acidification of the rhizosphere by the plasma membrane H +-ATPase (P-ATPase) which increases the solubility of Fe 3+. The soluble Fe 3+ is then chelated by the phenolics and exported by the ABCG37 transporter.
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In strategy I, iron uptake by plants consists of three steps: (1) release of protons into the plant rhizosphere to reduce pH and increase the solubility of insoluble iron oxide by H + ATPase (AHA2), (2) reduction of Fe 3+ to ferrous form by plasma membrane-bound chelating iron reductase (FRO2), and (3) transport of reduced Fe 2+ to the root ...
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Plants take up iron from soil in which iron solubility is extremely low especially under aerobic conditions at high-pH range. Therefore, plants have evolved efficient iron-uptake mechanisms. Because iron is prone to being precipitated and excess ionic iron is cytotoxic, plants also have sophisticated internal iron-transport mechanisms.
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Soil pH and HCO 3 ‐ have a strong influence on this mechanism, and bicarbonate stress induces plant roots to secrete relevant substances or protons into the inter-root soil to acidify it and inducing root iron reductase gene and iron transporter gene expression thereby enhancing iron reductase activity and iron uptake (Wang, et al., 2022).Plants that conform to …
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Plants may limit iron uptake unde r those . conditions by the oxidation of ferrous ions with oxygen, which is . transported from the shoot via aerenchyma (Foy et al., 197 8). Iron .
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Plants have two major problems with iron as a free ion: its insolubility and its toxicity. ... Uptake and trafficking of iron throughout the plant is therefore a highly integrated process of membrane transport and reduction, trafficking between chelator species, whole-plant allocation and genetic regulation. The improvement of crop plants with ...
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The latter role of coumarins again depends on the plant iron uptake machinery. Citation 42 In addition to IRT1, other metal transporters likely contribute to iron acquisition from the soil. The Natural Resistance-Associated Macrophage Protein 1 (NRAMP1) metal transporter is upregulated under Fe deficiency and behaves as a low affinity iron ...
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Iron uptake in plants has classically been divided into Strategy I and Strategy II, also known as reducing and chelating strategies, respectively. 7 The main difference between both strategies is the oxidation state of iron when taken up by the plant: ferrous Fe …
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The benefits of iron-rich soil extend beyond iron uptake. When plants have sufficient iron, they can also improve their resistance to certain diseases and pests. Iron is known to stimulate the production of plant hormones, such as …
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To ensure iron acquisition from soil and to avoid iron excess in the cells, uptake and homeostasis are tightly controlled. Plants meet the extreme insolubility of oxidized iron at neutral pH values …
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A plant peptide binds to haem, thereby reducing the availability of haem and inducing an iron-starvation response in rhizobia that results in iron import for nitrogenase activity.
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The data presented here offer insight into a molecular pathway of iron uptake in dicotyledonous plants. Although additional iron uptake pathways may exist, this work provides strong evidence that IRT1 is the major root iron uptake system in soil. First, a null allele of IRT1 was lethal.
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Plants can sense Fe status and modulate the transcription of Fe uptake-associated genes, finally controlling Fe uptake from soil to root. There is a critical need to understand the molecular …
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Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrients for plant growth and productivity and, among other micronutrients, is the one required in higher amounts (Kobayashi and Nishizawa, 2012).The essentiality of Fe is mainly due to its chemical properties, making it suitable for redox reactions and allowing it to play fundamental roles in biological processes, like photosynthesis, …
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Iron is an essential element for all living organisms, playing a major role in plant biochemistry as a redox catalyst based on iron redox properties. Iron is the fourth most abundant element of the Earth's crust, but its uptake by plants is complex because it is often in insoluble forms that are not …
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Iron plays a critical role as a micronutrient indispensable for the optimal growth and development of plants, engaging in various physiological processes. Inadequate iron levels can lead to chlorosis, hindered growth, and reduced crop yields, detrimentally affecting agricultural output and human nutrition. The utilization of iron sulfate has emerged as a pivotal method to …
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The iron content of foods does not indicate its bioavailability because iron absorption depends on some factors, mainly the form of iron. Because plants mainly contain nonheme iron, even if its iron content is high, absorption of iron is low due to plant-based molecule–iron interactions. 40 Red meat is the most significant source of iron ...
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Iron uptake by plants. Plants can absorb iron both in the ferric and ferrous forms, as well as in the chelated form. Iron uptake is a metabolically regulated process. Two iron uptake mechanisms were evolved in plants: proton release mechanism and Fe3+ chelate reduction. The purpose of both mechanisms is to make iron more soluble and available ...
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The concentrations of iron in soil solution (10 to >2000 mg L −1) and the iron contents in plants (20–2500 mg kg −1) at which toxicity symptoms are observed vary widely (Becker and Asch, ... Iron uptake, translocation, and regulation in …
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Iron is essential for plant growth, with a key role in many metabolic functions; however, too much iron is toxic. To avoid this toxicity, plants have evolved a process to …
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Iron is an essential element for plants as well as other organisms, functioning in various cellular processes, including respiration, chlorophyll biosynthesis, and photosynthesis.Plants take up iron from soil in which iron solubility is extremely low especially under aerobic conditions at high-pH range. Therefore, plants have evolved efficient iron-uptake …
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The ease of accepting or donating electrons is the raison d'être for the pivotal role iron (Fe) plays in a multitude of vital processes. In the presence of oxygen, however, this very property promotes the formation of immobile Fe(III) oxyhydroxides in the soil, which limits the concentration of Fe that is available for uptake by plant roots to levels well below the plant's …
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