Ilmenite reduction, specifically for secondary ilmenites, plays a critical role in the production of synthetic rutile via the Becher process (Becher et al., 1965).This process relies on coal as the primary reducing agent and is critical for upgrading titanium-bearing minerals into synthetic rutile, a valuable raw material for the titanium pigment industry.
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A Case Study. T. Smijs, S. Pavel, in Nanoengineering, 2015 2.1 Manufacturing. Ilmenite (FeTiO 3) and rutile (TiO 2) are the most important ores used as raw material for TiO 2.Although natural rutile contains a high amount of TiO 2 with low level of impurities, the mineral is becoming scarce and thus more costly. Consequently, ilmenite is currently favored despite its relatively low TiO …
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Superiority of our ilmenite concentrate product is underpined by the chemical composition of ilemnite that delivers better suitability for metallurgic process. ... Consistent TiO 2 @ 50%. Quality feedstock for titanium slag and synthetic rutile production. Trait 2. Low Ca/Mg content (CaO 0.02%, MgO 0.64%)
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Ilmenite concentrate samples were provided by Pangang Group Mining Co. Ltd., China, whose chemical and mineral compositions are shown in Tables 1 and 2. It can be seen from Table 1 that the TiO 2 content of the ilmenite concentrate used in this study is only 46.34 Wt.%, which is lower than that reported by Adipuri et al. (53.9 Wt.%).
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Ilmenite concentrate serves as a raw material in sulfate technology for the production of TiO 2, it was introduced into the industry in 1931 to produce anatase, and in 1941 to produce rutile [19]. In this method, titanium-containing ore is dissolved in sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ), to form solutions of titanium, iron, and other metal sulfates.
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The ilmenite concentrate (54.19% TiO 2) was first roasted in the molten NaOH system at various temperatures ranging from 600 to 800°C while the mass ratio of NaOH/ilmenite was varied within the range of 0.8-1.2 for 1 hour. ... Production of titanium or TiO2 pigment from rutile Ilmenite deposits may be massive as in Quebec Province or as black ...
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separation to produce an ilmenite concentrate for hydrometallurgical testing. The beneficiation process resulted in three final products: high silica tailings, magnetite/titanomagnetite concentrate, and ilmenite concentrate. The ilmenite concentrate was found to have the following chemical assay: 38.9% TiO 2, 31.1% Total Fe, 6.4% SiO 2
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In this study, a surfactant assisted hydrometallurgical procedure was proposed for preparation of mesoporous nanoparticles of titanium dioxide (TiO2) from ilmenite concentrate.
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Ilmenite concentrates have relatively low titanium content (usually about 50 % titanium dioxide compared to about 96 % in the case of rutile) but have Fe as their major impurity and thus …
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Leaching with H2SO4 15% has improved TiO2 content from 82% in the aerated ilmenite to approximately 89% in synthetic rutile. The research work has proved that Becher process is applicable for the beneficiation of Ha Tinh ilmenite …
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The prepared titanium dioxide concentrate containing 91 % TiO 2 and 0.6 % Fe 2 O 3 is mainly formed by rutile and small amount of anatase and Ti 2 O 3 phases. ... Ti present in the raw material [11,12]. Also, this sludge is formed by several refractory mineral phases as unattached ilmenite, rutile, quartz and zircon coming from the commercial ...
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TiO 2 concentrate, rutile. As input material, rutile concentrate of Australian origin (95% TiO 2) is used with the following composition 57% Ti, 0.7% Zr ... Ilmenite concentrate has to be pre‐treated by mechanical activation with aluminum as a reducing agent which leads to formation of FeTiO 3 /Al agglomerates and a new effective reaction ...
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the ilmenite concentrate was given athermal pre-leach treatment (oxidation at 800°C, for 30 min and reduction in argon at 950°C, for 1h and 1/0.75 ratio ofilmenite to active coal
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Although ilmenite and rutile are extensively used to extract TiO2 at the industrial level, through the sulphate and chloride processes, they can also be recognized to possess the potential to be employed as the raw material to synthesize other titanium compounds as well. The Pulmoddai mineral sand deposit in Sri Lanka is considered as a valuable resource containing …
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End use: Ilmenite concentrate is used in production of synthetic rutile, pigment titanium dioxide, welding electrodes, titanium sponge, metal titanium and in steelmaking furnaces. Shipment: …
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This article presents studies on the ammonium fluoride processing of dusts from the reduction smelting of ilmenite concentrate with separation of silicon to obtain titanium …
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The market of natural ilmenite is increasing due to the rapid industrialization in regions that need titanium dioxide (TiO2), which is the main product of natural ilmenite. The expansion of emerging economies in industries like paints and …
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However, after slagging, Fe2O3 content of the slag has been decreased until 7.8 %, but it is the most important The residue of dissolution process using HCl at optimum condition (HCl conc. 8 %, leaching time 2 h, S/L 1:4, and particle size −100 μm) was studied as synthetic rutile. The produced titanium dioxide concentrate was washed and dried.
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Ilmenite (TiO 2 > 52%) can be upgraded to synthetic rutile (TiO 2 > 88%) using a reduction and leaching process. Australian ilmenites (FeTiO 3) contain variable amounts of …
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form of rutile, TiO 2. The treat-ment of rutile to produce metallic tita-nium or TiO 2 ... based on leaching of ilmenite concentrate containing 52.2 % TiO 2 and 32.8 % Fe in
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Raw Materials. The ilmenite concentrate was sourced from Panzhihua Iron & Steel (Group) Co., Ltd. in China. Based on our previous research, [] Table I shows the primary chemical composition of the ilmenite concentrate. The TiO 2 content was only 46.82 pct, while the combined MgO and CaO content was notably high at 6.502 pct. Most particles measured …
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Acid dissolution and annealing were suggested to explain the formation of TiO 2 (rutile) nanorods. When the milled ilmenite came into contact with different concentrations of …
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Natural rutile is the cleanest and purest form of titanium dioxide, with the other primary form being ilmenite. Natural rutile hosts a titanium dioxide level of roughly 95%, whereas ilmenite requires a great amount of energy and carbon-intensive processes to approach the same level. ... Zircon In Concentrate (ZIC)
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TiCl 4 is an important raw material for the preparation of sponge titanium (Ti) and titanium dioxide (TiO 2) [1, 2].At present, TiCl 4 is mainly produced from TiO 2-rich slag (or rutile) through high-temperature chlorination in the presence of petroleum coke [3].According to the furnace structure, the industrial preparation of TiCl 4 can be divided into boiling chlorination …
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However, ilmenite concentrate obtained from this region is always used for preparing titanium dioxide by sulfate process due to its low titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) grade and high contents of calcium ...
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The titanium dioxide concentrate prepared with hydrochloric acid, having acicular texture and by means of elongated separate particles; has less impurities than the one produced by sulfuric acid. ... Germany) for the mechanical activation of TiO2 (rutile) and FeTiO3 (ilmenite) concentrates was used (see Figure 1). Type of reaction Example ...
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Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2015. The Egyptian magmatic ilmenite is classified as a medium-grade ore. The present work is an attempt to produce a high-quality TiO2 that can be used in several industries from this medium-grade raw material using the mechanical activation, carbothermic reduction, hydrochloric acid leaching and calcination.
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Table 1 presents basic information about ilmenite properties (rutile properties are also provided for a comparison), and Fig. 2 shows the crystal structure of ilmenite. The theoretical TiO 2 content in ilmenite is 52.7% and the specific gravity of ilmenite is high (ilmenite is considered to be a heavy mineral with the specific gravity of about 5). Fig. 2 shows that …
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Rutile is the richest ore containing 93–96 % TiO2, ilmenite from 44 to 70 %, and lucoxene concentrates can contain up to 90 % TiO2. Only 5 % of all the mined titanium ore …
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The influences of heating pattern and sodium carbonate addition on the carbothermic reduction of ilmenite concentrate have been experimentally studied. The experiments were carried out using isothermal–gradient temperature technique between 1000 °C and 1500 °C with different temperature profiles for a total reduction time between 110 and 160 …
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Well-crystallized anatase TiO 2 and rutile TiO 2 could be obtained through calcining at different temperatures and no impurity can be detected by EDS in titanium dioxide. The results demonstrated that the process is inexpensive, environment friendly and promising in preparing high-purity TiO 2 from ilmenite with a high content of gangues like ...
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