Across the state of Pennsylvania, shale gas production is booming; therefore, it is important to assess the variability in PW chemistry and microbiology across this geographical span. We quantified the inorganic and organic chemical composition and microbial communities in PW samples from 13 shale gas wells in north central Pennsylvania.
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The single-particle analysis suggests that the organic matter within the ATAL and in the lower stratosphere (even above 420 K) can partly be identified as organosulfates (OS), …
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Unveiling the composition of natural gas: explore its essential components, understand its chemical structure, and gain insights into this versatile energy source.
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Abstract. The chemical composition and volatility of organic aerosol (OA) particles were investigated during July–August 2017 and February–March 2018 in the city of Stuttgart, one of the most polluted cities in Germany. Total non-refractory particle mass was measured with a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS; hereafter AMS). …
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Chemical composition and speciation of particulate organic matter from modern residential small-scale wood combustion appliances ... NO x and O 2 were continuously measured by a gas analyser system (ABB, Limas 11 UV, Switzerland). Organic gaseous carbon (OGC), a quantity for total organic vapours, were quantified by a flame ionisation detector ...
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Purpose The chemistry of soil organic matter (SOM) is fundamental for sustainable and climate-smart agroecosystems. However, the differences in SOM chemistry between the upland and paddy soils developing under the same climatic and edaphic conditions are unclear. Materials and methods Py-GC/MS was applied to characterize the biochemical features of …
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Abstract. A dual-chamber system was deployed in two different environments to study the potential of ambient air, which was directly injected into the chambers, to form secondary organic and inorganic aerosol. A total of 16 …
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The chemical composition and volatility of organic aerosol (OA) particles were investigated during July–August 2017 and February–March 2018 in the city of Stuttgart, one of the most polluted …
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Yu et al. (2015) explored the composition and opti-cal properties of the ATAL with a climate model (CESM1) coupled by a sectional aerosol model and found that "the ATAL is mostly composed …
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Natural gas - Composition, Properties, Uses: Natural gas is a hydrocarbon mixture consisting primarily of saturated light paraffins such as methane and ethane, both of which are gaseous under atmospheric …
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Motor vehicles are major sources of gas-phase organic carbon, which includes volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other compounds with lower vapor pressures. These emissions react in the atmosphere, leading to …
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Abstract. Enhanced aerosol abundance in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) associated with the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) is referred to as the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer (ATAL). The chemical composition, microphysical properties, and climate effects of aerosols in the ATAL have been the subject of discussion over the past …
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"Consequently, the ATAL chemical composition is largely determined by the relative contributions of new particle formation and secondary particle growth at altitude compared to the upward transport of already nucleated secondary or of primary particles from below." Maybe include the gas phase measurements to indicate the new particle formation
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Abstract. Read online. Aircraft-borne in situ measurements of the chemical aerosol composition were conducted in the Asian tropopause aerosol layer (ATAL) over the Indian subcontinent in the summer of 2017, covering particle sizes below ∼3 µm.
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A novel approach for determining the elemental content of organic matter through thermal gravimetric analysis coupled online with a mass spectrometer (TG-MS) is disclosed. This method not only yields results equivalent to ASTM analysis but also provides insight into the covalent bond structure within the sample. The principle of this technique consists of the …
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The chemical and optical properties of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) have been widely studied through environmental chamber experiments, and some of the results have been parametrized in atmospheric models to help understand their radiative effects and climate influence. While most chamber studies investigate the aerosol formed from a single volatile …
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Produced water (formation and injected water containing production chemicals) represents the largest volume waste stream in oil and gas production operations on most offshore platforms.
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Examining chemical composition of gas turbine-emitted organic aerosol using positive matrix factorisation (PMF) Author links open overlay panel Liam D. Smith a, James Allan a b, ... Residual organic gas contribution during HEPA filter AMS scans were in the range of 0.1–1.2 μg/m 3 for the whole dataset when using the default frag table. In ...
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SOM is a continuum of plant- and microbe-derived organic compounds, varying in molecular size, decomposition state, and binding status with soil mineral particles and aggregates (Lehmann and Kleber, 2015).As such, SOM exists either as physically protected particulate organic matter (POM) in or between aggregates, or as mineral-associated organic matter …
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One of the key technical differences between natural gas and biogas for their use in fuel cells is the different chemical composition of biogas, both in bulk compounds and in trace compounds. The first industrial size biogas-fed fuel cell system in Europe was started in 2017 in the framework of the DEMOSOFC project [ 3 ].
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The single-particle analysis suggests that the organic matter within the ATAL and in the lower stratosphere (even above 420K) can partly be identified as organosulfates (OS), in particular …
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Natural gas is a hydrocarbon mixture consisting primarily of saturated light paraffins such as methane and ethane, both of which are gaseous under atmospheric …
WhatsApp: +86 18221755073
Aircraft-borne in situ measurements of the chemical aerosol composition were conducted in the Asian tropopause aerosol layer (ATAL) over the Indian subcontinent in the summer of 2017, covering ...
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Motor vehicles are major sources of gas-phase organic carbon, which includes volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other compounds with lower vapor pressures. These emissions react in the atmosphere, leading to the formation of ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA). With more chemical detail than previous studies, we report emission factors for …
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Organic compounds in landfill gas were found to primarily result from the biodegradation of natural organic waste or the emissions and volatilization of chemical products, with the concentration range of 1 × 10-1 –1 × 10 6 μg/m3. The respiratory system, in particular, lung was the major target organ of VOCs and SVOCs, with additional ...
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The simulated NATAL composition is 80% organics with 20% sulfate (Figure (Figure3). 3). The simulated ATAL and NATAL is mostly composed of sulfate and organics, which is consistent with Froyd et al. who showed that the aerosol composition over Central America is also a mixture of organics and sulfate. Simulations also suggest that the effective ...
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The simplest alkane is methane (CH 4), a colorless, odorless gas that is the major component of natural gas. In larger alkanes whose carbon atoms are joined in an unbranched …
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The roots of vetiver are the source of the world-famous 'khus' oil, which is highly prized in the essential oil industry (Arctander, 1960;Lal et al., 1997a, b;Lal et al., 1998;Singh et al., 2019).
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3-Methylenebutane-1,2,4-triol and 3-methyltetrahydrofuran-2,4-diols, previously designated "C5-alkene triols", were recently confirmed as in-particle isomerization products of isoprene-derived β-IEPOX isomers that are formed upon acid-driven uptake and partition back into the gas phase. In chamber experiments, we have systematically explored their gas phase …
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CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE ATAL DURING ACCLIP O. Eppers1, F. Köllner2, O. Appel2, P. Brauner1, F. Ekinci2, ... Indications of increased organic and sulfate contribution from East Asia Map with particle fractions from different convective influence region (filtered by 7 –10 days since recent convection) ...
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Natural gas - Composition, Properties, Uses: Natural gas is a hydrocarbon mixture consisting primarily of saturated light paraffins such as methane and ethane, both of which are gaseous under atmospheric conditions. The mixture also may contain other hydrocarbons, such as propane, butane, pentane, and hexane. In natural gas reservoirs even the heavier …
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We found that organic aerosol was less oxidized in lower regions of the ATAL (<380K) compared to higher altitudes (here 390 - 420K). These results suggest that particles formed in the lower ATAL are uplifted by prevailing diabatic heating processes and thereby subject to extensive oxidative ageing. Thus, our
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the ATAL results from the conversion of inorganic and organic gas-phase precursors, rather than from the uplift of primary particles from below. This can be inferred from the fact that the majority of the particles encountered in the ATAL consisted solely of secondary substances, namely an internal mixture of nitrate, ammonium, sulfate,
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Phosphorus (P) affects the water–air CO2 flux through primary productivity, and affects the changes of carbon cycle and ecological environment in the global world. Organic phosphorus (Po) is an important P component in water environments. Various processes control the formation and transformation of Po and outbreaks of algal blooms. Here, research topics on Po in global …
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Previous studies on the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) with high yields from ACE and ACY(Riva et al., 2016; Shakya and Griffin, 2010) highly emphasize the significance of analyzing the formation processes and chemical composition of SOA derived from these PAHs.In contrast with monoaromatic hydrocarbons or naphthalene, the detailed …
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Biogas and CH 4 yields can be estimated theoretically from the chemical composition of the substrate or measured using batch digestion experiments. Biogas and CH 4 yield from a completely biodegradable organic substrate with the composition (C a H b O c N d) can be determined using Buswell's equation (Buswell and Mueller, 1952):
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