The present paper reports measurements of the induction period for gypsum nucleation when citric acid is added in solution as an additive to retard scale formation. The supersaturation ratio was varied in the interval 2.3-6.0, the concentration of citric acid ranged from 0.01 to 0.30 g/L, while in all experiments the temperature was fixed to 25°C.
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The fire had a greater effect on gypsum plasters containing citric acid as revealed by the cracking patterns and heat propagation profiles observed. ... Numerical results of heat production are ...
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As a leading citric acid producer, customers can trust Citribel's citric acid for its excellence in both production and performance. Citribel's citric acid is produced sustainably using residual flows from the sugar chain as raw material.
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Effects of citric acid on crystalline habit and crystal morphology of gypsum dihydrate were analyzed in great detail. The retarding mechanism of citric acid was also discussed from …
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Microbial citric acid is an important organic acid widely used in pharmaceutical food, beverage, detergents, and cosmetics industries. Although citric acid is produced by different types of microorganism, the filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger is a workhorse for the production of citric acid. In the present review, special attention has been paid to address the advanced …
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The cycle of citric acid production with the formation of gypsum-containing waste was considered and options for processing and utilization of citrogypsum were proposed. The
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With the rapid advancement of industrial production, the substantial accumulation of industrial by-product gypsum ... salt gypsum (SG), fluorgypsum (FG), nitro gypsum (NG), citric acid gypsum (CAG) and borogypsum (BG)). Subsequently, the chemical, physical properties and annual productivity associated with these eight types of industrial by ...
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There are some industrial gypsum-bearing wastes such as by-products from citric acid production, phosphate fertilizers, the coal combustion flue gas desulfurization process, etc. that can be recycled and used as a substitute for natural gypsum [11,15,16,17]. Very little research has been conducted to analyze the environmental impact of using RG ...
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Citric acid can be used to retard the ettringite-forming reaction between Al-rich phases and gypsum. As reported in [3], citric acid added at 0.5 wt% to the mortar prolonged the initial setting time along with the presence of gypsum.In addition, in [2], the concentration of citric acid solution was 0.8 wt% in order to obtain an initial setting time of around 1 h.
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The object of the study was citrogypsum. This is a gypsum-bearing waste, which is a by-product in the biochemical synthesis of citric acid (Belgorod, Russia) [].The experiment was carried out using the method of mathematical planning.
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As a result of restructuring and modernization of the manufacturing process, today it is one of the largest and most efficient producers of citric acid in the world. The company produces 120,000 tons of citric acid per year and has about 350 employees. In addition to citric acid, the plant produces feed additives and gypsum.
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Multiple additives are usually required to achieve better constructability for building gypsum-based materials. In this work, ternary contour was designed to determine the optimal proportions of Ca(OH) 2 (CH), PCEs and citric acid (CA) by comprehensive considerations of water requirement, setting time, fluidity, strength, temperature, hydration products and …
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In citric acid production industry, several recovery methods, such as calcium precipitation, solvent extraction, ion exchange, liquid membranes, microporous hollow fibers, electrodialysis, and ultrafiltration, have been used (Angumeenal and Venkappayya, 2013; Dhillon et al., 2011). ... When 80% flue gas desulfurization gypsum and phosphogypsum ...
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However, using pure sugar in industrial citric acid production is associated with high costs, as the raw material cost often exceeds the obtained product's price . Therefore, in industrial citric acid production involving Aspergillus niger, cheap and renewable carbon sources such as agro-industrial waste materials are employed [2,94].
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As a weak acid, citric acid is not only a retarder of gypsum cement [11,12], but also an effective solvent for removing iron. Citric acid iron removal has been studied in clay minerals [13,14,15], but titanium gypsum iron removal has not yet been reported. This method can not only effectively separate impurities, such as ferric hydroxide and ...
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The role of citric acid, a retarder additive used to prolong the workability and setting time of gypsum binders, was studied at concentrations of 0, 125, 250, 500, 1000, 1500 and 3000 ppm with a constant water/binder ratio.The hydration process (setting) was studied by the knife method, conductivity measurements and attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy, …
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The cycle of citric acid production with the formation of gypsum-containing waste was considered and options for processing and utilization of citrogypsum were proposed.
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Citric acid production by fermentation has become established as the most widely used and economical process to obtain citric acid. Over 90% of the citric acid used around the globe today is produced from fermentation. ... it is treated in an acidulator with calcium sulphate, a sulphuric-acid forming gypsum. Next, it is filtered and the mother ...
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We go way back. To 1919, to be exact. Upon the solid foundation of the past, we build for the future as a trusted citric acid producer, mycelium supplier, and manufacturer of trisodium citrate and monosodium citrate. We balance thoughtful decision-making with bold curiosity, continuously pushing boundaries in citric acid production, citrate solutions, and mycelium manufacturing, all …
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This investigation provides insights into the effects of citric acid on both the fresh and hardened state properties of the binder produced from the hydration between ladle slag and …
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The raw materials used for the industrial production of citric acid typically are (by-) products from the sugar and starch processing industry. Pure substrates ... acid and a by-product, gypsum, is formed in corresponding quantities. The wastewater from the calcium citrate filtration process must be treated. It is
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The possibility of using gypsum-containing waste–citrogypsum, which is a by-product of the chemical biosynthesis of citric acid, was considered as an additive for composting poultry manure from ...
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The water/plaster ratio was kept constant (1.0) for all the mixtures. The results showed that the citric acid decreases the recycled gypsum plaster consistency, increasing the fluidity. ... raw material and the procedure used on the plaster production as well as the energy used in the process of the paste mixing can accelerate the hydration ...
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A field trial experiment was carried out during the winter season of 2010/2011 to investigate the effect of different amendments i.e. gypsum, citric acid, farmyard manure, compost and the combination among them on heavy clay salt-affected soil irrigated with wastewater and also, their effects on wheat production.
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Citric Acid Production Process Modeling and Evaluation with ... (gypsum). A third filter (RVF-103) removes the precipitated gypsum and yields an impure citric acid solution. Careful control of pH ...
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An aspect ratio (AR) close to 1 is essential to improve the quality and performance of α-HH gypsum. To solve this problem, the morphological modification of α-HH gypsum by modifiers such as glutaric acid (GA), tricarballylic acid …
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Another significant source of synthetic gypsum is the production of phosphoric acid. During this process, phosphate rock is treated with sulfuric acid, resulting in phosphogypsum as a by-product. This material, once purified, can be utilized similarly to natural gypsum. ... Citrogypsum is derived from the production of citric acid, a process ...
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This SuperPro Designer example analyzes the production of Citric Acid via fermentation. The results include material and energy balances, process scheduling, equipment sizing, capital and ...
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Citric acid is used as a retardant in gypsum plaster. It is especially important in machine applied plaster and in casting plaster, which normally have longer setting times than wallboard plaster. Application of Acidity Regulators
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Citric acid production on industrial scale begun in the mid-1800s based on traditional method of preparing citric acid by extraction from the juice of lemons and limes. As mentioned in a number of places in the literature, citric acid was shipped from Sicily and South Italy in the form of calcium citrate to be processed to citric acid at its ...
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The method of utilizing citric acid industrial waste residue to produce gypsum series product of the present invention, it is characterized in that this method comprises following process...
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The result shows that 1% by weight of the addition leads to a compressive strength of 46.9 N/mm 2 in the plaster; for its part, the author of used self-leveling mortars based on phosphoric gypsum (alpha-Hemihydrate gypsum, α-HH), analyzing the effect on the setting time of three retarders: Protein Salt, Citric Acid and Sodium Tripolyphosphate.
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The utility model discloses a system for producing gypsum whiskers by using citric acid gypsum, which comprises the following steps of firstly, pretreating the citric acid gypsum by using an ozone sterilization treatment and dehydration washing method to form a citric acid gypsum filter cake; then, dissolving and crystallizing the citric acid gypsum filter cake by using a normal pressure ...
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The invention is suitable for the technical field of whisker production, and provides a system for producing gypsum whiskers by using citric acid gypsum, which comprises the following components: a mixing tank; for mixing citric acid gypsum and water; a first filter; the device is used for carrying out solid-liquid separation on the mixed liquid discharged from the mixing tank; a …
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Citric acid gypsum (CAG), a by-product from citric acid production processes, rich in calcium sulfate dihydrate, emerged during the reaction of precipitated calcium citrate with …
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