Phosphogypsum circular economy considerations: A critical …

Nearly 300 million t of phosphogypsum (PG) are produced every year as a byproduct from phosphate fertilizer production worldwide. Approximately 58% of the PG are …

History of Phosphate Fertilizer Production

History of Phosphate Fertilizer Production. ... But this began to change when domestic agriculture and industry, as well as European and Western Pacific markets devastated in World War II, increasingly requested these nutrients. In the 1960s, the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) and the land grant colleges changed the way fertilizers were ...

Facet-engineering strategy of phosphogypsum for production of …

Phosphogypsum (PG), a major by-product of the phosphorus chemical industry, is mainly composed of gypsum dihydrate (Carbonell-Barrachina et al., 2002).Globally, the stockpile of phosphogypsum reaches 6 billion tons, and annual PG production is projected to reach 200–250 million tons (Silva et al., 2022).This abundant resource harbors a host of impurities, …

Susceptibility of phosphogypsum to fungal growth and the effect …

The ability of species of Trichoderma to contribute to "sick-building syndrome" (Nielsen et al., 1998a) and to produce the mycotoxins trichodermol and trichodermin (Corley et al., 1994; Nielsen et al., 1998b) increases the necessity for testing and control of any future use of phosphogypsum in domestic constructions. The production of ...

Phosphogypsum as a construction material

Phosphogypsum (PG) is a by-product generated from the phosphorus fertilizer industry (phosphoric acid production). PG is similar to natural gypsum, but there are some differences, of which it contains some impurities such as water-soluble phosphate (P 2 O 5), water-soluble fluoride (F −) and P 2 O 5 substituted in the gypsum crystal lattice. PG and …

CN1161943A

A new production technique for manufacturing cement and sulphuric acid by using phosphogypsum is to combine the calcination process of nodulized phosphogypsum in hollow kiln with the advantages of vertical cylinder preheating kiln and off-kiln decomposition kiln and to increase the nodulizing system and nodule dryer. The said new technique may increase the …

Phosphogypsum

Because the radionuclides within phosphogypsum are a source of radon gas and direct gamma radiation, the EPA regulates phosphogypsum as a source category of radionuclides under the Clean Air Act. Phosphogypsum stacks additionally contain low-pH process water and heavy metals as a result of the wet acid fertilizer production process.

Engineering Properties and Environmental Effects of Phosphogypsum

Development of a Novel Lyophilization Method for the Production of Bacterial Strain Powders to Enhance the Cleanup Efficiency of Petroleum Hydrocarbon–Polluted Soils ... Zhang, S., J. Liu, J. Ding, M. Gao, and C. Xue. 2024. "Effect of recycled phosphogypsum and calcium aluminate cement on the strength behavior optimization of cement-treated ...

Phosphogypsum as Fertilizer: Impacts on Soil Fertility, Barley …

According to the FAO, 828 million people were facing acute food insecurity in 2021. Fertilization is a critical input factor in crop production and food security achievement. Therefore, fertilization is a critical input factor in crop production and food security achievement. However, there is room for improvement in the application of fertilizers in certain regions. …

EPA gives Mosaic Co. green light on phosphogypsum road study

Fertilizer production companies such as Mosaic Co. create a hazardous waste called phosphogypsum as part of their operations. The waste is heavily regulated and must be permanently stored and ...

Assessing the hepatotoxicity of phosphogypsum leachate in …

Phosphogypsum, a major by-product of the production process of the PCI, has become one of the largest industrial solid wastes discharged in China (Millán-Becerro et al., 2022; Akfas et al., 2024).The domestic annual emission of phosphogypsum in 2018 was estimated to exceed 70 million tons (Wang et al., 2019).Phosphogypsum contains a variety of harmful …

Phosphogypsum: potential uses and problems – a review

Phosphogypsum (PG) is a by-product produced during the wet process of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) production from natural phosphate rocks. Approximately 4–6 tons of PG is produced per ton of ...

Response of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) to Different Levels …

Improving productivity of groundnut to meet the domestic vegetable oil demand through balanced fertilization is the prime challenge lying before the agronomists in the country. With the aim of evaluating phosphogypsum as a source of sulphur nutrition in groundnut, a field experiment entitled "Response of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) to ...

Leaching Characteristics and Mechanisms of Fluorine and

Phosphogypsum (PG) is a major industrial solid waste generated during wet-process phosphoric acid production [1,2,3].Globally, the annual production of PG is estimated to be approximately 300 million tons [4,5], making it one of the largest sources of newly generated industrial solid waste [].In contrast to countries, like Japan and Germany, where gypsum …

Phosphogypsum in the Circular Economy

Production and Phosphogypsum (PG) (fluorapatite) Ca 10 F 2 (PO 4) 6 + 10H 2 SO 4 + 10nH 2O → 10CaSO 4•nH 2 O (PG) + 6H 3 PO 4 + 2HF –Di-hydrate process, n=2 –Hemi-hydrate …

A review on the environmental impact of phosphogypsum and …

Phosphogypsum (PG) is a solid by-product generated in the production of phosphoric acid (PA) using conventional synthesis methods. The raw material, about 50 times more radioactive as compared to unperturbed soils, is dissolved in diluted sulfuric acid (70%) forming PG and PA. The majority of both, reactive hazardous elements and natural ...

Study on the occurrence state of main components of …

WPPA factories in domestic production using the "dihydrate method" reaches about eighty percent.12,13 However, it should be emphasized that compared to the WPPA "hemihydrate method" and "dihydrate-hemihydrate method",the"dihydrate method" process produces phosphogypsum (PG) with a higher impurity content, in which the P 2O

(PDF) Phosphogypsum Processing Method

The comparison of the developed phosphogypsum processing method with well-known national and foreign analogues showed that its cost-efficiency is 2-3 times higher; the area necessary for the plant ...

Research advancements in phosphogypsum crystal modifiers

The excessive demand for phosphorus-based fertilizers is contributing to the undesired byproduct of phosphogypsum (PG), typically found in large quantities in phosphoric acid industry. Without proper management, this industrial waste poses a significant environmental pollution risk. Current technologies are struggle to effectively handle the volume of PG …

Properties, Purification, and Applications of Phosphogypsum: A

Phosphogypsum (PG) is a by-product produced during the wet process of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) production from natural phosphate rocks. Approximately 4–6 tons of …

Bio- and mineral acid leaching of rare earth elements from …

Rare earth elements (REE) are critical to many clean energy technologies. However, the lack of U.S. domestic production and the reliance on imported REE put U.S. energy security at risk. Consequently development of new sources is of strategic interest. Global phosphate deposits contain 27 million tons of REE and 38% of these REE end up in phosphogypsum (PG) waste …

Study on the occurrence state of main components of …

We investigated the occurrence states of phosphorus, fluorine, silicon, iron, and aluminum elements in PG from wet-process phosphoric acid production, as well as the …

Phosphogypsum Facts: Issues Surrounding Phosphate Mine …

Over the years, Florida has rather consistently produced 70% of the domestic phosphoric acid. In Florida, for each ton of phosphoric acid produced, 4.8 tons of phosphogypsum are produced.

Review on high-value utilization of phosphogypsum: Utilization of

The world's annual production of phosphogypsum (PG) is up to 200 million tons at present. It was found that 15 % of PG produced worldwide is recycled. Therefore, it is imperative to seek a new pathway to recycle PG. This work provides an overview of the state-of-the-art scheme for high-value utilization of PG.

Production of beneficiated phosphogypsum for cement manufacture

The beneficiation of phosphogypsum procured from two sources was conducted in the pilot plant of 2 t/shift capacity installed at Central Building Research Institute (CBRI) to reduce impurities of phosphates, fluorides, organic matter, alkalies, etc. The techno-economic feasibility of beneficiating phosphogypsum has been highlighted. The beneficiated phosphogypsum was …

From Grave to Cradle: Treatment, Resource …

Phosphogypsum (PG) wastes, including solid-state PG and liquid-state PG leachate, are industrial byproducts generated during the production of phosphoric acid. It is of great concern due to the large-scale product accumulation and …

Study on the occurrence state of main components of phosphogypsum

1. Introduction Phosphorus is a non-renewable vital element and an economic mineral resource that is extensively utilized in various fields such as agriculture, chemical industry, pharmaceuticals, light industry, and national defence. 1–4 As of 2008, China has been the world's largest producer of phosphate rock, accounting for more than 50% of the world's total. 5 A …

Phosphogypsum: Properties and Potential Use in Agriculture

Phosphogypsum (PG) is a calcium sulphate dihydrate and a by-product of the phosphate fertilizer industry. It is produced in huge quantities (300 MT/year), but only 15% of …

Agricultural Uses of Phosphogypsum, Gypsum, and Ca …

Production of phosphogypsum in Florida is estimated to be 27.2 million Mg annually (Hunter 1989). The composition of phosphogypsum varies depending upon the source of rock …

Improving mechanical properties of hemihydrate phosphogypsum …

Phosphogypsum (PG) is an industrial by-product in the process of wet production of phosphoric acid (Romero-Hermida et al., 2019). Population and economic growths have increased the demand for food, leading to an expansion of crop cultivation and fertilizer use. This has contributed to the rapid growth of the phosphorus chemical industry and ...

RESEARCH ARTICLE Legume Research- An International …

phosphogypsum at 125 kg S eq ha-1 recorded highest pod yield plant -1 followed by 100 kg S eq ha -1 in split (Table 1). This is because greater number of filled pods in above

Recycling of phosphogypsum for low-carbon cement: Clinker production

Phosphogypsum (PG), a by-product of the phosphoric acid production process within the phosphorus chemical industry, presents significant environmental and resource management challenges. It is estimated that approximately 4.55–5 tons of PG are generated for every ton of phosphoric acid produced [[1], [2], [3]].

Chemical treatment of phosphogypsum and its potential …

An export orientated and a high domestic industry has been developed over the years in South Africa, with the largest igneous phosphate deposit in Africa [2]. ... Thus, treatment with sulphuric acid leads to the production of phosphogypsum which retains about 80% of 226Ra and 30% of 232Th and 14% of 238U. Uranium occurs naturally as ...

Study on the occurrence state of main components of phosphogypsum

Study on the occurrence state of main components of phosphogypsum dihydrate and its impurity distribution. Author links open overlay panel Wanqiang Dong, Ningjie Sun, Xiangyi Deng, Zhuo Chen, ... the capacity ratio of WPPA factories in domestic production using the "dihydrate method" reaches about eighty percent. 12,13 However, ...