Substance flow analysis was applied to an antimony pyrometallurgical system. By taking antimony and arsenic as the objective elements, the mass balance and substance flow charts based on the production system were established, and evaluating indicators such as the direct recovery rate, waste recovery rate, and resource efficiency were set up.
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Volatilization Roasting is the process of volatilizing the sulfur and forming antimony crude oxide (Sb2O3) Sb2S3 +9O→Sb2O3+3 SO2; begins at 290°, rapid at 520° and finishes at 560° (Saito); begins at 290°, if the size of the grain is 0·1 mm. in diameter, at 343° of 0·1 to 0·2 mm., and 430° if 0·2 mm. (Friedrich); commences at 190 ...
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Antimony-containing dust, coke, ironstone, and limestone are combined with an oxygen-enriched bottom-blowing furnace for reduction melting to obtain lead-antimony …
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Baghouse filters from the production of antimony oxide, including filters from the production of intermediates (e.g., antimony metal or crude antimony oxide) (E) K177
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Petroleum refinery secondary (emulsified) oil/water/solids separation sludge-Any sludge and/or float generated from the physical and/or chemical separation of oil/water/solids in process wastewaters and oily cooling wastewaters from petroleum refineries. ... Baghouse filters from the production of antimony oxide, including filters from the ...
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Conventionally, a method for producing ATG (antimony triglycolate) is a method in which antimony-containing minerals are first oxidized and converted into a low-grade antimony trioxide, that is, crude antimony oxide, and then crude antimony oxide A reduction and refining process is performed at a high temperature of 1000 ° C or higher to ...
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Antimony oxide was precipitated from the PLS via the hydrolysis process. The product composed of 81.43% Sb, 16.23% O, and 2.34% Fe. This study aimed to investigate the recovery of antimony (Sb) from slag generated in an antimony smelting plant using leaching …
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Additionally, there is a study focusing on the characterization of crude products containing high levels of As and Pb obtained from an antimony smelting plant, which contains about 82–82.5 % Sb [48]. The removal of As in the crude product is achieved through HNO 3 leaching [49]. Unlike previous studies, the use of a different residue source ...
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This oxide is subsequently reduced to crude antimony through carbothermic reduction in a reverberatory furnace. The crude metal is then refined through liquation, where impurities are separated by melting, followed by further refining processes like electrolysis or vacuum distillation for high-purity applications.
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The main purpose of meltings the antimony raw materials is the transfer of the main substance of ore – antimony in a less contaminated by iron metal. Durcrudeing melting, …
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An improved process for refining lead bullion containing antimony, in which the bullion is initially heated in a refining vessel to about 25° F. (14° C.) above the bullion melting point, and is thereafter kept molten primarily by exothermic process reactions. The process includes the steps of melting the lead-antimony bullion, agitating the bullion, adding caustic soda and metallic …
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The powdery crude antimony trioxide is reduced by a carbonaceous reductant in a reverberatory furnace at 1,000–1,200 °C to produce crude antimony. Crude antimony can be produced by the precipitation smelting process. The typical pyrometallurgical antimony production process using sulfide ore is shown in Fig. 1.
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2. Refining. The crude antimony from the smelting process is further refined to remove impurities. Electrolytic refining or zone refining techniques are employed, depending on the desired purity level. Environmental and Safety Considerations. Antimony processing can have environmental impacts, particularly in terms of toxic waste and emissions.
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Roasting: The antimony sulfide is roasted in air to convert it into antimony oxide (Sb₂O₃). Reduction: The antimony oxide is then reduced to metallic antimony by heating it with carbon or by reacting it with iron scrap in a …
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Results of an investigation aimed at optimizing the fire refining process for purification and extraction of antimony into a high-grade commercial metallic product are …
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The proportion of gold entering antimony oxide, precious antimony, antimony matte and water-quenched slag in the blast furnace was 8.4%, 84%, 6.7% and 0.9%, respectively. ... smelting, and refining the antimony oxide from cupellation furnace to remove arsenic and lead. At present, the research on improving antimony smelting efficiency and ...
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Refining. 8. Fine Purification. 9. Recovery of Antimony Oxide ... and usage of the element antimony and its primary compounds. Stibnite, which is referred to as crude antimony when its Sb 2 S 3 content is above 90 %, has a low melting point and it can be extracted by melting (liquidation). Antimony metal is recovered from ore primarily by ...
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Our process involves chlorination of commercial grade Sb metal, distillation of crude SbCl3 with 6N HCl, conversion to oxide, reduction of antimony oxide to metal with hydrogen and zone refining.
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In line 1 of antimony oxide production shown in Fig. 1, the operating temperature is 1000 (^circ {text{C}}) for the removal of sulfur and obtaining the volatile "crude oxide" from a concentrate with an average grade of 55% Sb that avoids a higher frequency of slag bleeding. Line 2, is called the refining line, is intended for the production of high-quality antimony trioxide.
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The pyrometallurgical routes consist of roasting, oxide volatilization and then carbothermic reduction of Sb 2 O 3 or ... Method for removal of lead and arsenic in crude antimony vacuum refining process. CN104328289A (2014) Google Scholar [10] Y. Dai, B. Yang. Vacuum metallurgy for nonferrous metals and materials.
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Refining dross is the result of lead refining process where impurities like copper, tellurium, arsenic-antimony-tin, silver, zinc and bismuth in sequence from lead bullion. There are many types and composition of each type of dross varies and is subjected to specific refining steps and raw material contents.
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The existence of Pb in crude antimony oxide powder(CAOP) hinders the further smelting and recovery of Sb and leads to some environmental problems. Therefore, the …
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Mo-tang and Gui-zhong proposed the BF volatilization-smelting route for the production of crude antimony oxide and antimony-copper matte to prevent the deportment of …
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Antimony oxide (Sb2O3) acts as a decolorizing agent in glass manufacturing, helping to remove the green or yellow tint caused by iron impurities. ... Recycling and recovery techniques play an essential role in refining antimony from various secondary sources, such as antimony-containing scrap materials or residues from other processes. These ...
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First, the reduction smelting of antimonial dust is carried out in an oxygen-rich bottom blow furnace to enrich antimony and lead in the crude alloy. The antimony and lead contents in the slag can ...
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The oxide volatilization process to recover additional antimony usually treats the residue, containing 12–30% antimony. The liquated product, called crude, liquated or needle antimony, is sold as such for applications requiring antimony sulfide, or is converted to metallic antimony by iron precipitation or careful roasting to the oxide ...
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The saturated vapour pressure of antimony and its sulphide and oxide at different temperatures are shown in Fig. 2.As can be seen from Fig. 2, as the temperature increases, the saturated vapour pressure of Sb 2 S 3, Sb 2 O 3 and Sb increases gradually, and the growth trend of Sb 2 S 3 is the most rapid. When the temperature is below 1201 K, the saturated …
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The invention relates to the technical field of non-ferrous metal antimony smelting, and a converter for crude antimony oxygen reduction and refining for antimony smelting comprises a horizontal cylindrical furnace body, wherein the furnace body comprises a furnace body shell and a furnace chamber arranged in the furnace body shell, a refractory material is arranged between the …
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This study achieved the deep removal of trace impurities in crude antimony by the processes of LHVD and HLVD, which solves the problems of difficult removal and instability of …
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Antimony trioxide (Sb 2 O 3) is a white crystalline powder with a molar mass of 291.52 g/mol and a melting point of 656 °C. It has two forms: senarmontite (below 570 °C) and valentinite (above 570 °C). Senarmontite has a density of 5.25 g/cm3, while valentinite has a density of 5.7 g/cm3.
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Sodium nitrate was used as the oxidizing agent HSC thermochemistry software was used to determine the feasibility of these reagents for the removal of arsenic, antimony, and tin from crude lead. The chemical analyses of these experiments are shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3.
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With the global antimony(III) oxide market expected to climb from $852 million in 2023 to $1.43 billion by 2034, demand for the critical mineral has been steadily rising. However, China's decision to restrict exports of antimony, germanium, and gallium in late 2024 reshaped the global supply landscape, accelerating ReElement's move into ...
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A new process for one-step extraction of antimony in low temperature from stibnite concentrate by reductive sulfur-fixation smelting in sodium molten salt, using iron oxide as sulfur-fixing agent, was presented. The influences of molten salt addition and composition, ferric oxide dosage, smelting temperature and duration on extraction efficiency of antimony were …
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In order to solve the shortcomings when removing lead from crude antimony in the traditional antimony smelting, a new process was provided using NaPO3 as lead elimination reagent to yield ...
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There are found in nature upward of II2 minerals containing antimony, but only a few of them, listed in Table I, can be considered as antimony ore-forming minerals. Stibnite (Sb2S3), antimony sulphide or glance, is the principal ore of antimony. The oxide ores—cervantite, kermesite, valentinite, sernarmontite—occur sparingly in nature. Dry methods are generally adopted for …
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The invention provides a fire refining method of crude tin, and the method comprises: first removing iron and arsenic from a crude tin melt by a centrifuge; conducting condensation to remove iron and arsenic; after adding sulfur for removing copper, carrying out vacuum distillation once again so as to remove lead, bismuth, arsenic and antimony; then adding aluminum to …
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In summary, the synthesized crude antimony trioxide mainly contains antimony arsenic oxide, senarmontite and cervantite. A new compound with a chemical formula of Fe 2 O 3 ·4(Pb, Cu)Sb 2 O 4 was identified in the sample, and this is probably formed through the reaction between Fe 2 O 3 and (Pb, Cu)Sb 2 O 4 during the process of sample synthesis.
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antimony sulfide concentrates to obtain metallic antimony and antimony trioxide are discussed, and methods of refining antimony from impurities are also analyzed. Keywords: antimony, compounds, minerals, raw materials, alloys. Received 01 September 2022 Accepted 18 November 2022 Journal of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 58, 5, 2023, 988-998
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